1921-2006
He was born in Mosul. He graduated from the College of Law, Baghdad in 1943 He fought in the ranks of the Kurdish liberation movement. He issued such newspapers as ‘Alrawafid’ (the tributaries), Alrayid (the pioneer), and Rasty (the truth). In 1963 he was arrested and sentenced to death, but he was released in 1968 due to political pressure. After 1975 he left for Iran, and from there to Sweden in 2000 he returned to Iraq He died in Salahddin (Arbil) and was buried in Ankawa. He wrote Mabahith Ashuriya'(Assyrian Themes), Stockholm 1996 “Reflections on Arab Nationalism: Spotlights on the Assyrian Cause – Massacres of August 1933 in 5 parts, Erbil 2004 . He translated into Arabic The Cradle of Humanity’ by Wikram, 1971 Kurds, Turks and Arabs’ by Edmonds. 1971 Road in Kurdistan’ by Hamilton, 1973 The Heritage of Islam’ (in two volumes) by Thomas Arnold; History of Arab Music’ by Farmer, 1972 and The Outset of Christianity Spread in the East” by Asmonson (2nd edition, Erbil 2005 ). He also translated some of the plays of George Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde.





